Fumigation is an intensive pest treatment method in which a gaseous chemical, known as a fumigant, is released into a sealed space to penetrate all areas and eliminate target pests. Unlike surface sprays or localised treatments, fumigation reaches pests hidden within wall cavities, timber framing, stored goods, and other inaccessible locations. It is commonly used for severe termite infestations, drywood termite control, stored product pest management in warehouses, and quarantine treatment of imported goods.
How Fumigation Works
The treatment area is first sealed to contain the gas. For whole-structure fumigation, the building may be enclosed in a gas-tight tarpaulin (tenting). The fumigant, most commonly sulfuryl fluoride or methyl bromide (where still permitted), is introduced and maintained at a specific concentration for a prescribed exposure period, typically 24 to 72 hours. After the exposure period, the building is ventilated until gas levels fall below safe re-entry thresholds, and clearance readings are taken before occupants may return.
When Fumigation Is Used
Fumigation is typically reserved for situations where localised treatments are insufficient or impractical. Common applications include drywood termite infestations that are widespread throughout a structure, stored product pests in commercial warehouses, and biosecurity treatment of shipping containers and timber products. For subterranean termite infestations, soil treatments, baiting systems, and bait stations are generally preferred over fumigation.
Safety and Regulation
Fumigation is heavily regulated in all jurisdictions due to the acute toxicity of fumigant gases. Only licensed, certified operators may perform fumigation, and strict safety protocols govern gas introduction, monitoring, and clearance. Regulatory requirements vary by country but universally mandate training, personal protective equipment, warning signage, and environmental controls.
Business Management
Fumigation jobs involve significant coordination, from initial termite inspection and quoting through to scheduling, client communication about vacating the property, and post-treatment clearance.