A lead paint inspection identifies whether lead-based paint is present on painted surfaces within a property. Lead was a common additive in residential and commercial paint until it was banned or restricted in most countries during the 1970s and 1980s. When lead paint deteriorates, is disturbed during renovation, or is accessible to young children, it poses serious health risks including neurological damage, developmental delays in children, and kidney problems in adults.
Where Lead Paint Is Found
Any property built before lead paint regulations took effect may contain lead-based paint. Common locations include window frames and sills, doors, skirting boards, exterior cladding, railings, and older furniture. Multiple layers of paint may conceal lead-based coatings beneath newer, lead-free paint. The presence of lead paint is not hazardous in itself; it becomes a risk when the paint is flaking, chalking, being sanded, or otherwise disturbed.
Testing Methods
Professional lead paint inspections use X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysers, which can detect lead through multiple paint layers without damaging the surface. This allows rapid, non-destructive testing of many surfaces in a single visit. Paint chip sampling sent to a laboratory for chemical analysis is an alternative method, though it is slower and requires small surface damage. Some home test kits are available for preliminary screening but are less reliable than professional equipment.
Regulatory Requirements
In the United States, the EPA requires lead paint disclosure for properties built before 1978, and certified inspectors must follow specific protocols under the Renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) Rule. The UK, EU, and other jurisdictions have similar regulatory frameworks. Many countries require lead paint assessment before renovation of older buildings, particularly those used for childcare or education.
Relationship to General Inspections
Lead paint testing is typically outside the standard inspection scope of a general building inspection, though inspectors may note peeling paint and recommend specialist testing.